Example Concept: A common pitfall is equating a low p-value with practical significance. A p-value merely suggests whether an observed effect is statistically significant, not its magnitude or importance. Additionally, p-values are sensitive to sample size; large samples can yield small p-values for trivial effects, while small samples might not detect meaningful effects. Misinterpretation can also occur when p-values are used without considering the context of the study or the assumptions underlying the statistical test.